By Jacob Robbins (auth.), Ragnar Ekholm, Leonard D. Kohn, Seymour H. Wollman (eds.)
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Extra info for Control of the Thyroid Gland: Regulation of Its Normal Function and Growth
Sample text
161 A single report 162 has described hCG subunit processing in subcellular fractions of choriocarcinoma cells. Very recently, experiments employing site-specific mutagenesis to prevent glycosylation at particular Asn residues have explored the roles of specific hCG a-subunit 16S and hCG ß-subunit 16 • oligosaccharides, but the kinetics of processing at individual glycosylation sites has not yet been defined for hCG. Miura et al. 165 determined the structures of high mannose oligosaccharides at the individual glycosylation sites of mouse TSH.
26 In 1967, Papkoff and Samy 27 achieved a major advance when they recognized that ovine LH consists of two nonidentical subunits, and that subunit combination is required for hormonal activity. In 1969 Condiffe 28 performed gel-filtration studies on reduced S-carboxymethy1 TSH in which the presence of more than one peptide chain was suspected. Unequivocal recognition of the subunit nature of TSH by Pierce and col1eagues resulted from an unusual combination of dissociation under one set of conditions and fractionation under another.
LlO-112 TSH a- and ß-subunit mRNAs declined to 40% and 20% of their basal levels by 4 hours. Thus, Ts given to these mice appeared to rapidly lower the steady-state levels of the subunit mRNAs in the thyrotrophs, and the effect was apparently greater on TSH ß- than a-subunits. 111-116 Levels of mkNAs oi TSH subunits have also been evaluated during withdrawal of thyroid hormones. In the rat in vive there was a tenfold increase in pituitary TSH ß-subunit mRNA, but only a threefold increase in a-subunit mRNA, 14 days after thyroidectomy, and these changes were reversed by Ts treatment.